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Bed Bugs | Posted: June 15, 2020

What Bed Bugs Look Like at Every Life Stage (With Pictures)

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By: Dodson Brothers

What Bed Bugs Look Like at Every Life Stage (With Pictures)

Table Of Contents

Bed bugs go through three life stages: eggs, nymphs, and adults. Eggs are about 1mm long, milky white, and shaped like tiny grains of rice. Nymphs are smaller than adults, lighter in color, and translucent before their first meal. Adults are about 1/4 inch long, flat, oval, and reddish-brown, close to the shape and color of an apple seed. If you find any one of the three near a sleeping area, you likely have bed bugs and should schedule an inspection.

Among the most unnerving pests that can be found in the home, bed bugs are flat, oval, reddish-brown or mahogany-colored insects that feed on blood from humans and other warm-blooded animals. They are usually nocturnal pests, feeding when their hosts are asleep, and are excellent at hiding in tiny or narrow spaces, such as in wall or floor cracks, in beds, under carpets, and inside upholstered furniture. They grow from eggs to nymphs to adults and molt several times along the way.

Photo depicting bed bug adults, bed bug eggs, and bed bug nymphs

The Bed Bug Life Cycle At-a-Glance

Bed bugs can typically live about four to six months, though they are also known to “hibernate” by entering diapause and therefore extend their lifespan to about a year. Overall, the lifespan of a bed bug is less than a year.

 

Graphic showing the life cycle of bed bugs

 

Eggs

The bed bug life cycle begins with a single egg. One female bed bug can lay around 500 eggs in a lifetime, meaning that all it may take to begin an infestation is one pregnant bed bug. The female can lay one to five eggs per day. Bed bug eggs are milky white, narrow, grain-like, and about 1 mm in length (similar in size to two grains of salt). While technically detectable to the naked eye, they certainly are not easy to spot, especially if you do not know what you are looking for.

They are usually laid in tight spaces like cracks and crevices to prevent them from being found, and may be laid singly or in clusters. Bed bugs remain in the egg stage for about two weeks before hatching, so you may not know you have an infestation until they hatch and begin to feed (though females must feed before laying eggs).

Close up photo of bed bug eggs

Where Bed Bug Eggs Actually Hide

In Dodson inspections across the Southeast, bed bug eggs are most often found in:

  • Seams along the top edge of the mattress, especially in piping or ribbing
  • The corners and inner edges of the box spring (the underside, not the top)
  • Joints and screw holes in wooden headboards and bed frames
  • Behind picture frames and wall outlets within a few feet of the bed
  • Folds and seams of upholstered furniture, particularly furniture used as a reading or sleeping spot

Bed bugs are extreme in their preference for hiding spots that allow their flat bodies to wedge into tight spaces. If a crack is wide enough to slide a credit card into, it is wide enough to harbor bed bug eggs.

Nymphs

Once the eggs hatch into baby bed bugs, known as nymphs, they immediately begin looking for food in the form of blood meals. During this bed bug life stage, they may appear reddish-brown, similar to adults, once they have fed, but may also be yellowish-white or colorless if they have not. Either way, bed bug nymphs are much smaller than adults and are unable to reproduce.

Bed bug nymphs go through growth stages known as instars. Instars directly correlate with how many blood meals a nymph consumes. After each blood meal, the nymph will molt and move into the next stage. After five molts (each one requiring a blood meal), they will become adults, growing in size from about 1 mm to 4 to 5 mm. This process of growing from the nymph stage into full-blown adulthood usually takes a minimum of three weeks.

Close up picture of bed bug nymphs

Adults

Once bed bugs are mature, they will be about ¼ inch in length and resemble apple seeds. Adult bed bugs are able to reproduce and will feed approximately once a week. Evidence of their presence in the home includes blood spots on furniture and bed linens, molted exoskeletons, tiny pieces of brown fecal matter, and collections of red, itchy bites on skin.

Adult bed bugs are notoriously hard to find because they are excellent hiders and tend to make their home near a food source in box springs, headboards, and mattresses. As adults, they may also attempt to move to new locations by hitching rides on clothing, in luggage, in boxes, and in other objects that people carry from place to place.

Learn More about Signs of Bed Bugs

Close up picture of adult bed bug

David Moore on Bed Bugs at Every Life Stage

“Bed bug eggs are about a millimeter long, with the sheen and finish of fishing line. The first instars are about the same size, translucent white until they get their first blood meal. Then they turn bright red, almost like a little berry. As the blood meal gets digested, they turn brownish-black. Nymphal stages two through five look about the same, just slightly bigger. When they molt into an adult, that is when they turn to that copper color, almost like a penny. About the size of Lincoln’s head on a penny.”

David Moore, Dodson Board Certified Entomologist

David Moore on What I Look For First in a Room Inspection

“I am looking for live bed bugs, dead bed bugs, and blood spotting on the bedding, on the wall, on an outlet, or behind the nightstand or around the headboard. Those things tell me there is actual activity going on. If I see multiple life stages, that tells me it has been there for a while.”

David Moore, Dodson Board Certified Entomologist

Why the Lifecycle Matters for Treatment

Bed bugs go through a lifecycle that is the entire reason DIY treatments so often fail. Most over-the-counter products kill adults and nymphs that come into contact with the chemical, but they do not penetrate eggs. A homeowner may believe an infestation is gone, then see new bed bugs appear three weeks later as eggs hatch.

Professional treatment is designed around the lifecycle. An initial treatment kills active bed bugs, and follow-up treatments timed to the egg-hatching window catch the next generation before they can lay more eggs. Skipping the follow-up is the single most common reason a treatment fails.

Bed Bug Control

A bed bug infestation can be incredibly difficult to eradicate due to their ability to hide and switch living environments in response to pest control treatments (especially localized DIY solutions). If you want to get rid of an infestation of these parasitic pests completely, you have to break the bed bug life cycle. The advanced techniques, efficiency, and pesticides used by pest control professionals can get rid of bed bugs.

Dodson Pest Control has more than 80 years of experience performing bed bug treatments. We can take care of your bed bug problem and provide you with peace of mind. Contact us today for more information or to schedule a free inspection.

Frequently Asked Questions

What do bed bug eggs look like?
Info:

Bed bug eggs are milky white, about 1mm long, and shaped like tiny grains of rice. They are usually laid in tight cracks and crevices, often in clusters, and are difficult to spot without a magnifying glass and a flashlight.

How long do bed bug eggs take to hatch?
Info:

About 6 to 10 days under normal indoor temperatures.

How do I know if I have bed bug nymphs versus another small pest?
Info:

Nymphs are flat, oval, and translucent or pale before their first blood meal. After feeding, they appear reddish-brown. They are much smaller than adults but the same general shape. Their location near sleeping areas is one of the strongest identification clues.

Can I just throw out my mattress to get rid of bed bugs?
Info:

No. Bed bugs hide throughout a room, not just in the mattress. Throwing out a mattress without treating the rest of the room almost always means re-infestation of the new mattress within weeks.

How long does it take to fully eradicate bed bugs from a home?
Info:

Most professional treatments require 2 to 3 service visits over 6 to 8 weeks, timed to interrupt the egg-hatch cycle. A complete eradication generally takes about 60 days from the first treatment.

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